An unidentified gunman or gunmen shot and killed former Ukrainian politician Andriy Portnov on Wednesday morning outside the gates of the American School in Madrid's affluent neighbourhood of Pozuelo, a source close to the investigation said.
Police received the call about the shooting at 9.15 am (0715 GMT) local time, the Madrid police told Reuters, without identifying the victim.
Radio station Cadena SER said the man was taking his children to the school when he was shot.
Portnov was a senior aide to Ukraine's former President Viktor Yanukovich who was ousted in 2014.
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