The closure of Britain’s Heathrow is set to affect the global aviation system for days and cost tens of millions of dollars, experts say, raising questions over why better contingency planning was not in place at the world’s fifth-largest airport.
Experts were in shock at the scale of disruption – the largest since the Icelandic ash cloud of 2010 – as they tried to estimate the cost and breadth of the repercussions caused by a fire at a nearby electrical substation that knocked out the airport’s power supply and its back-up power.
“It is a clear planning failure by the airport,” said Willie Walsh, head of global airlines body IATA, who, as former head of British Airways, has for years been a fierce critic of the crowded hub.
Heathrow is the busiest airport in Europe in terms of the number of seats or aircraft capacity flying in and out each day, according to data firm OAG. All of yesterday’s 1,332 scheduled flights were cancelled.
The blaze, which was reported just after 2300 GMT on Thursday, forced planes to divert to airports across Britain and Europe, with many long-haul flights simply returning back to their point of departure.
The shutdown comes less than a year after Heathrow told Britain’s Civil Aviation Authority in a filing that it was “a leader in airfield resilience”.
But several experts pointed to potential weakness in its back-up plans.
Travel consultant Paul Charles said Heathrow’s closure could cost the aviation sector around $26 million a day, with no guarantee the airport would reopen today.
“Heathrow is such a vital piece of the UK’s infrastructure that it should have fail-safe systems,” he added.
Tony Cox, an international risk management consultant, said: “I can’t remember a piece of critical infrastructure being wholly shut down for at least a day because of a fire. I can’t think of anything comparable.”
The chaos also exposed the potential vulnerability of critical infrastructure at a time when security has risen to the top of the European agenda.
British police said counter-terrorism officers were investigating, but there was no initial indication of foul play in the substation blaze.
Energy Minister Ed Miliband said the fire had disabled back-up power and that engineers were working to deploy a third source.
Like most large airports, Heathrow has what’s called an operational resilience plan, which sets out to identify risks that could upset operations. It was not immediately clear, however, whether back-up power had been singled out as a potential vulnerability.
In 2023, Heathrow completed a new energy strategy, pledging more renewable energy “whilst protecting the resilience of our energy network,” according to its latest annual report.
Heathrow and the CAA did not immediately respond to requests for comments on contingency planning.
The closure is set to have days-long knock-on effects globally, leaving many passengers stranded as carriers reconfigure their networks to move planes and crews around.
British Airways has warned in the past that Heathrow is so overstretched that recovering from disruption can cause even more chaos, as planes and staff must be properly repositioned even as the facility runs at full capacity.
Britain’s airspace is among the busiest in Europe, and technical outages have raised concern in the past.
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